Wander - Shop now
Buy new:
-38% $14.29
FREE delivery Saturday, May 10 to Nashville 37217 on orders shipped by Amazon over $35
Ships from: Amazon.com
Sold by: Amazon.com
$14.29 with 38 percent savings
List Price: $22.95
Get Fast, Free Shipping with Amazon Prime FREE Returns
FREE delivery Saturday, May 10 to Nashville 37217 on orders shipped by Amazon over $35
Or Prime members get FREE delivery Tomorrow, May 6.
In Stock
$$14.29 () Includes selected options. Includes initial monthly payment and selected options. Details
Price
Subtotal
$$14.29
Subtotal
Initial payment breakdown
Shipping cost, delivery date, and order total (including tax) shown at checkout.
Ships from
Amazon.com
Amazon.com
Ships from
Amazon.com
Sold by
Amazon.com
Amazon.com
Sold by
Amazon.com
Returns
30-day refund/replacement
30-day refund/replacement
This item can be returned in its original condition for a full refund or replacement within 30 days of receipt.
Payment
Secure transaction
Your transaction is secure
We work hard to protect your security and privacy. Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. We don’t share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we don’t sell your information to others. Learn more
$12.95
Get Fast, Free Shipping with Amazon Prime FREE Returns
FREE delivery May 19 - 28 to Nashville 37217 on orders shipped by Amazon over $35
Or fastest delivery May 18 - 25
$$14.29 () Includes selected options. Includes initial monthly payment and selected options. Details
Price
Subtotal
$$14.29
Subtotal
Initial payment breakdown
Shipping cost, delivery date, and order total (including tax) shown at checkout.
Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items.
Kindle app logo image

Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required.

Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web.

Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app.

QR code to download the Kindle App

Follow the author

Something went wrong. Please try your request again later.

Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II Paperback – Illustrated, June 17, 2000

4.4 out of 5 stars 762 ratings

{"desktop_buybox_group_1":[{"displayPrice":"$14.29","priceAmount":14.29,"currencySymbol":"$","integerValue":"14","decimalSeparator":".","fractionalValue":"29","symbolPosition":"left","hasSpace":false,"showFractionalPartIfEmpty":true,"offerListingId":"dB4QDPkqlmJDsSoghSGUdFF144QB6dQCzBbZVTCl%2FKChZ18Fx%2F4XqDSdPk0ydpJAj8Odkk5dtqAzUsRxRcsrJTU71JD6N%2B3wHq1%2F2pJPqJYlr%2BxY%2FW1SOTdM8nbS4BdzdjwtxY5kx1o%3D","locale":"en-US","buyingOptionType":"NEW","aapiBuyingOptionIndex":0}, {"displayPrice":"$12.95","priceAmount":12.95,"currencySymbol":"$","integerValue":"12","decimalSeparator":".","fractionalValue":"95","symbolPosition":"left","hasSpace":false,"showFractionalPartIfEmpty":true,"offerListingId":"dB4QDPkqlmJDsSoghSGUdFF144QB6dQCPuNYzAiwVUrT9Y4rLBHp%2FvppqI6CTTZmIm7beuMOexBTY3LM5QwkPBY2gm6mujXfWQrN7Jej4v3usBE6nXsMtqGQFDZX2o%2BOW%2FlfWowEj9UqN1GpbaIWQQy6OZbzu7%2BfgY%2FPWQPUREDgvZD7%2FcRNww%3D%3D","locale":"en-US","buyingOptionType":"USED","aapiBuyingOptionIndex":1}]}

Purchase options and add-ons

Winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award for Nonfiction
Finalist for the Lionel Gelber Prize and the Kiriyama Pacific Rim Book Prize

Embracing Defeat is John W. Dower's brilliant examination of Japan in the immediate, shattering aftermath of World War II.

Drawing on a vast range of Japanese sources and illustrated with dozens of astonishing documentary photographs, Embracing Defeat is the fullest and most important history of the more than six years of American occupation, which affected every level of Japanese society, often in ways neither side could anticipate. Dower, whom Stephen E. Ambrose has called "America's foremost historian of the Second World War in the Pacific," gives us the rich and turbulent interplay between West and East, the victor and the vanquished, in a way never before attempted, from top-level manipulations concerning the fate of Emperor Hirohito to the hopes and fears of men and women in every walk of life. Already regarded as the benchmark in its field, Embracing Defeat is a work of colossal scholarship and history of the very first order.

75 illustrations and map
The%20Amazon%20Book%20Review
The Amazon Book Review
Book recommendations, author interviews, editors' picks, and more. Read it now.

Frequently bought together

This item: Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II
$14.29
Get it as soon as Saturday, May 10
In Stock
Ships from and sold by Amazon.com.
+
$18.31
Get it as soon as Saturday, May 10
In Stock
Ships from and sold by Amazon.com.
+
$14.99
Get it as soon as Saturday, May 10
In Stock
Ships from and sold by Amazon.com.
Total price: $00
To see our price, add these items to your cart.
Details
Added to Cart
Choose items to buy together.

Editorial Reviews

Review

"Extraordinarily illuminating.…Dower has deftly mixed history from the 'bottom up' and the 'top down' to produce what is surely the most significant work to date on the postwar era in Japan."
Jacob Heilbrunn, Wall Street Journal

"Masterly.…A penetrating analysis of Japan in the aftermath of defeat.…A profound and moving book, the best history ever written of Japan and its relations to the United States after the Second World War."
Akira Iriye, Boston Sunday Globe

"Richly detailed and provocative.…For anyone who knows modern Japan, it is an endlessly fascinating explanation of why things work as they do.…A marvelous piece of reporting and analysis."
T.R. Reid, Washington Post

"With
Embracing Defeat, [Dower] confirms his place as this country's leading chronicler of the Pacific war."
Janice P. Nimura, Chicago Tribune

"[A] superb history of Japan's occupation.…Dower brilliantly captures the
louche?, squalid, but extraordinary dynamic mood of the postwar years. His interest is not just in the politics, but also in literature, the movies, and popular songs."
Ian Buruma, New York Review of Books

"Without question, Dower is America's foremost historian of the Second World War in the Pacific.…A wonderful work of history.…I learned more than I ever would have thought possible."
Stephen Ambrose

About the Author

John W. Dower is the author of Embracing Defeat, winner of the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize; War without Mercy, winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award; and Cultures of War. He is professor emeritus of history at MIT. In addition to authoring many books and articles about Japan and the United States in war and peace, he is a founder and codirector of the online “Visualizing Cultures” project established at MIT in 2002 and dedicated to the presentation of image-driven scholarship on East Asia in the modern world. He lives in Boston, Massachusetts.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ W. W. Norton & Company; Illustrated edition (June 17, 2000)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 688 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0393320278
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0393320275
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.9 pounds
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.1 x 1.2 x 9.2 inches
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.4 out of 5 stars 762 ratings

About the author

Follow authors to get new release updates, plus improved recommendations.
John W. Dower
Brief content visible, double tap to read full content.
Full content visible, double tap to read brief content.

John W. Dower is professor emeritus of history at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His interests lie in modern Japanese history and U.S.-Japan relations. He is the author of several books, including Ways of Forgetting, War Without Mercy, Cultures of War, and Embracing Defeat, which received numerous honors (including the Pulitzer Prize).

Customer reviews

4.4 out of 5 stars
762 global ratings

Review this product

Share your thoughts with other customers

Customers say

Customers find the book provides great insight into post-war Japan, with one review noting how it delves into the lives of Japanese civilians. Moreover, the writing style receives praise for its readable prose and beautiful account of tragedy. Additionally, they appreciate the well-researched content, with one customer highlighting how it portrays the complexities of returning to a vanquished state.

AI-generated from the text of customer reviews

66 customers mention "Insight"62 positive4 negative

Customers find the book provides great insight into the topic, being exhaustively researched and breathtaking in its analysis.

"...Dower’s ability to aptly organize his abundant scholarship into very readable prose is also noteworthy...." Read more

"...the text with photos and stories from the news and popular culture of the period, balanced by the political and economic facts...." Read more

"...As a good historian, Dower does not overlook the contradictions between what the Americans said and what they did - e.g., the authoritarian method..." Read more

"...formed its constitution, parliament and military after WWII is very informative to say the least...." Read more

40 customers mention "Readability"33 positive7 negative

Customers find the book highly readable, describing it as a masterpiece and a compelling read, with one customer noting it's particularly good for World War II history buffs.

"...their own claims with the care that he used in putting this great book together." Read more

"This book is essential reading for those interested in the history of Japan as well as for those with an interest in how Japanese society came to be..." Read more

"This is a pretty good book for all the reasons mentioned in many of the other reviews. In my opinion it has a left wing bias with a consequent flaw...." Read more

"This is a solid book to understand what happened in Japan In The years immediately after WWII...." Read more

30 customers mention "Detail"26 positive4 negative

Customers appreciate the book's detailed account of post-war Japan, with one customer noting how it gets inside the lives of Japanese civilians.

"...(542) Embracing Defeat is a most important contribution to modern Japanese history...." Read more

"...This book was meticulously researched by Dower, a Harvard Ph.D in Japanese history and language...." Read more

"Ugh! This book is such a mixed blessing. It offers a ton of detailed info into post war Japan. How life was when the war ended...." Read more

"...Author Dower has done a great service to world history with this richly detailed and deeply researched work that deals with culture, war, defeat,..." Read more

19 customers mention "Readable writing"19 positive0 negative

Customers praise the book's readable prose and beautiful account of tragedy, with one customer noting its comprehensive analysis told in lucid prose, while another highlights its well-organized footnotes.

"...Dower’s ability to aptly organize his abundant scholarship into very readable prose is also noteworthy...." Read more

"...The writing of the Japanese Constitution is fascinating in the back-and-forth between the American GHQ and Japanese government officials...." Read more

"An exceptionally well-written and insightful history book on post-WW2 Japan...." Read more

"...This is written in clear prose and aided by well-selected pictures...." Read more

7 customers mention "Picture quality"7 positive0 negative

Customers praise the book's visual elements, with one review noting how the author paints a vivid picture of defeated Japan, while another mentions how Dower enlivens the text with photos.

"...It is not weighed down by ponderous academic style. Dower enlivens the text with photos and stories from the news and popular culture of the period..." Read more

"...This is written in clear prose and aided by well-selected pictures...." Read more

"This book was quite a picture of occupied Japan...." Read more

"...Nevertheless, Dower does an excellent job painting a vivid picture of defeated Japan, with foreigners occupying their lands-- the latter still..." Read more

Top reviews from the United States

  • Reviewed in the United States on April 7, 2013
    Book Review: Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. By John W. Dower. (New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, Ltd, 1999. Pp 676. ISBN 0-393-04686-9)

    Embracing Defeat begins where the Pacific War ends. It is a detailed examination of Japan in the aftermath of the war. John W. Dower adroitly leads the reader through the arc of this history as Japan literally rises from ashes at war’s end on August 15, 1945, and then guides us through the US Occupation period and beyond.
    Rather than a simple chronology, Dower organized his book into sections and topics that focus on the Japanese people, their sufferings, the rationalization of their defeat, and their adjustment to a “New Japan.” Dower’s organization provides the reader insight and sensitivity to the range of difficulties faced by a country devastated by war and left with unimaginable challenges to reconstruct a livable country. Clearly, Dower mastered his subject. The depth of the Japanese plight is borne out in sections with titles like “Shattered Lives,” “Displaced Persons,” “Stigmatized Victims,” and “Mocking Defeat.” Japan, a country that was an industrial power in the 1920s, had become a “fourth-rate nation” by war’s end. (44) And while the allies’ story may be explained in the word victory, Dower digs deep in his account of the diverse opinions, emotions, actions, and motivations held by the Japanese people, brought about by the word defeat. A further example of Dower’s organization is that, although General MacArthur’s name is frequently cited, he is almost never the central figure in the narrative. The view is clearly from and about the Japanese.
    Perhaps the most enlightening sections of Dower’s work are the first few chapters which focus on the conflicted Japanese people. Japanese culture worshipped the Emperor as Deity, in a way comparable to the worship of Jesus Christ to the Christians. To die for the Emperor was deemed an honor to many. The abrupt end to the war and the devastating defeat was literally and figuratively a bombshell which was universally felt by the Japanese people. When Emperor Hirohito broadcast via radio that the war was over, that the war had been in vain, that Japan had been defeated, it was the first time nearly anyone in Japan had heard his voice.
    Dower tells us that at the time of Emperor Hirohito’s radio broadcast on August 15, approximately 9.0 million people in Japan were homeless and that “approximately 6.5 million Japanese were stranded in Asia, Siberia, and the Pacific Ocean area.” (47, 48) Although Dower tells us that repatriation was “an impressive accomplishment,” many Japanese returned to a country they hardly recognized. “Many adults who returned after years abroad found that their families had been shattered. Urban neighborhoods had been obliterated.” (57) Many never returned. Returning soldiers were often stigmatized victims, according to the author. Many who had been sent off to war with victory parties and chants of “100 million hearts beating as one,” were frequently viewed as pathetic outcasts. In some respects they had let the Emperor down. Onlookers dubbed their military uniforms as “defeat suits,” their shoes as “defeat shoes.” (170) Outcasts represented a large part of the population and included not only veterans, but the homeless, the hungry. Daily living was as hard as imaginable for the impoverished postwar survivors who received little sympathy. Dower characterizes Japanese culture as a harsh environment for outcasts. He states: “There existed no strong tradition of responsibility toward strangers, or of unrequited philanthropy, or of tolerance or even genuine sympathy…toward those who suffered misfortune.” (61)
    The US Occupation began in late August and the formal surrender took place aboard the USS Missouri on September 2, 1945. General MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of Allied Forces (“SCAP”) was given unprecedented authority to bring order to chaos. “SCAP’s mission was nothing less than to carry out the demilitarization and democratization of Japan.” (77) While millions of Japanese were homeless and starving, initial SCAP orders seemed insensitive. They were “not [to] assume any responsibility for the economic rehabilitation of Japan or the strengthening of the Japanese economy….The plight of Japan is the direct outcome of its own behavior.” (529) Almost from the beginning though, this order began to soften; it would change dramatically over time. Dower shows us that over the six-year and eight-month US Occupation, the world changed; thus as new conflicts emerged, the relationship between the United States and her allies changed. These unforeseen changes altered the US-Japanese relationship during the occupation well beyond what could have been imagined in 1945.
    Amidst the human misery that was so visible in Japan in 1945 and 1946, SCAP proceeded with what must be considered a radical agenda for a victorious occupying power—the implementation of democracy and the development of a new Japanese constitution. “The Americans had long looked askance at the Meiji charter, deeming it incompatible with the healthy development of responsible democratic government.” This made the existing charter incompatible with the primary goals of the United States, its allies, and SCAP. (346) Initially, SCAP endeavored to work through an array of influential Japanese to revise the existing charter or encourage development of a constitution that would be consistent with liberal and democratic ideals required by SCAP and the Potsdam Proclamation. Dower discusses in great detail several unsuccessful Japanese attempts toward this end.
    The author cites that SCAP’s authority to impose a new constitution on Japan could be rationalized by its authority under Section 6 of the Potsdam Declaration, which stated, “There must be elimination for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking on world conquest.” Dower intimates that this was interpreted as requiring the establishment of constitutional protections against future abuses of authority. (347) Dower also cites Sections 10 and 12 as other sections of the Potsdam Declaration that supported SCAP’s involvement in the establishment of a new constitution.
    After several months and seemingly frustrated, MacArthur and his top aides in Government Section [of SCAP] concluded that “the [Japanese] government was incapable of proposing revisions that would meet the Potsdam requirements.” (360) In February 1946 MacArthur ordered that Government Section draft a new constitution for Japan. This bold act, characteristically MacArthur, was an unprecedented act by an occupying power. Produced in secret in order to devise a way to give it Japanese authorship, this draft, with relatively minor changes, ultimately became the new Japanese constitution in May 1947. It was by all accounts an exceptionally liberal constitution which included reforms such as female suffrage, agrarian reform, and a highly controversial “Article 9” which denunciated war.
    Dower demonstrates in many ways how the relationship between the vanquished Japanese and the allies represented by SCAP began to shift over time. The most notable of several examples was caused by the emerging Cold War. Initially, SCAP sought to foster reconstruction of Japan on a lesser economic scale and Section 9 forced demilitarization. But as Dower explains, “Driven by Cold War considerations, the Americans began to jettison many of the original ideals of ‘demilitarization and democratization’ that had seemed so unexpected and inspiring to a defeated populace in 1945.” (525) Instead of breaking up big business and prosecuting prominent capitalists and bureaucrats, as Cold War fever mounted, Americans sought to reinvigorate the economy with Japan ultimately viewed as a first line “bulwark against communism.” In the vernacular of the times, this dramatic change was referred to as the “reverse course.”
    When the Korean War erupted on June 25, 1950, Japan and its US Occupation forces were nothing less than an asset against communist aggression. Moreover, the period leading up to the war saw the revitalization of key heavy industrial expansion in Japan which proved a boon to her economy. Dower tells us that during the Korean War period, American “special procurements” from Japan amounted to billions of US dollars in Japanese exports. These purchases continued for years after the end to the Korean War. Dower states: “This prolonged windfall enabled Japan to increase its imports greatly and virtually double its scale of production in key industries.” (542)
    Embracing Defeat is a most important contribution to modern Japanese history. On one hand it can be viewed as a capstone to Pacific War history for it does provide an insightful epilogue to the war. In another sense this work provides a genesis to the Japanese Miracle because it ends just as Japan, Inc. is acquiring its economic footing. Dower’s ability to aptly organize his abundant scholarship into very readable prose is also noteworthy. The book belongs on the shelf of any serious student of Japan, or for that matter, any serious student of twentieth-century history.
    44 people found this helpful
    Report
  • Reviewed in the United States on February 12, 2022
    "After the defeat we became distrustful of the grownups around us, and came to feel the true way of living existed in the opposite of whatever they said. We came to believe that revolution and love were the best and most delicious things in this life, and because they are such good things grownups perversely lied." - Dazai Osamu, 'The Setting Sun' 1947

    "We say defeated, defeated, but I don't think that's so. We've been ruined. Destroyed. [From one corner to the other the country of Japan is occupied, and every single one of us is a captive.] People who don't find this is shameful are fools." - Dazai Osamu (bracketed words censored by US military)

    ************

    John W. Dower won the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for this history of postwar Japan in an attempt to see the occupation, and reordering of society and polity, from the viewpoint of the vanquished. He begins with the Hirohito radio address declaring an end to the war without admitting responsibility or defeat. Japan had attacked and invaded for the survival and liberation of Asia, not for aggression or aggrandizement. He now sought peace for humanitarian reasons, to save the world from nuclear devastation, asking the nation to make sacrifices along with his own, as he remained on the throne.

    Despair
    Dower describes the vast destruction in Japan and millions of Japanese soldiers and civilians spread through Asia and the Pacific. General MacArthur and the American occupation were greeted by anger, joy, grief and relief as the displaced were repatriated to refugee camps. Veterans returned from futile and fanatic campaigns, embittered towards those who led them and shunned by others for losing. Atrocity reports followed them home. Widows, orphans and homeless were ostracized. Black markets, prostitutes and crime proliferated as imperialist politicians swiftly switched to liberal parties.

    Purges
    An American revolution came from above, and communists released from Japanese prisons and endoctrinated POW's from Soviet camps briefly praised defeat of the old guard, but democracy by fiat and freedom under martial law were inherent contradictions. During the occupation of 1945-52 war crime trials were held for military leaders and ministers. A constitution drafted by US lawyers guaranteed freedom of speech, religion and human rights, renouncing prerogatives to wage war. Purges evolved from military officers initially banned from public office to communists as cold war began.

    Reforms
    Agrarian land reform and labor laws became a part of the Supreme Command's purview. The large banking-industrial monopolies known as zaibatsu were broken up by antitrust actions. It was a sweeping program to uproot the oligarchy who supported the war as mass disarmament campaigns destroyed weapons and planes. Universal suffrage and equal protection for women shattered social conventions. Nation building, on a scale not seen before or after, was a source of anguish for conservative elites and hope in former subjects. It was seen as a boon granted by a new emperor, MacArthur.

    Survival
    Starvation was alleviated by aid shipments but hobbled by profiteers, as people ate rodents and insects. Industrialists, politicians and military officers got rich while inflation and unemployment went off the scale. Diseases were rampant, multiple families crowded into shacks. Alcoholism and drug abuse were widespread, robbery and murder commonplace. In time criminals and prostitutes were organized into yakuza gangs. People endured in misery, perhaps as a retribution for the misery caused by their war. Wartime myths of a unique racial and cultural harmony crashed into the postwar reality.

    Corruption
    The day before surrender military funds and supplies were diverted to private hands, more than the annual budget. The Bank of Japan made massive loans to military contractors, emptying its coffers before the allies arrived, as documents went up in smoke. Echoing Korean comfort women, state sponsored brothels were set up to service the arriving army and protect others chastity. It was ended in six months by occupation authorities as a violation of human rights, but prostitution persisted. Open air black markets sold all things from foodstuffs to industrial materials, looted by the army.

    Synthesis
    Sexual commercialization took on western pop forms of pulp magazines, hollywood movies, strip shows and chorus lines. Along with the counterculture English loan words accrued. Writers repudiated tradition, espousing decadence. War was an illusion and defeat the human condition; a national body was superseded by the individual body. Marital relationships became more egalitarian, compared to the roles women had played prior to war. Factories retooled from machine guns to sewing machines, business arose catering to G.I.'s. People looked foward to a bright future, a new start from the past.

    Victors
    The top down approach of American reformers succeeded in dramatically transforming the status quo. MacArthur became a popular figure although he rarely left headquarters and met only a handful of Japanese leaders. Engineering all facets of society from media to banks, schools, hospitals, libraries and government required an army of experts and a million G.I.'s. Mid level officers lived in upper class homes spared from the Tokyo fire bombing with staffs of servants. Relationships developed between conqueror and conquered, democracy and freedom learned to be loved on command.

    Vanquished
    While Americans lived in their colonial enclaves criticism was forbidden to the press and extraterritorial laws applied. The occupation resembled old forms of racial supremacy, visited on the east by the west. MacArthur's command was a military bureaucracy not unlike that of Hirohito. Rule was made through existing state organs requiring support of the throne. A pivot from monkey-man war propaganda and the detention of a 100,000 Japanese-Americans seemed to be needed. Democracy deemed impossible in Japan, the best that could be hoped for was a constitutional monarchy.

    Revolution
    Culture viewed conformist by the west was a traditional mix of manners and morals in the east, and yet the resistance to reforms by average Japanese was much less than expected. Catastrophic defeat made many question the system that had brought it. Intellectuals went further calling for socialism or communism, left of where the Americans had desired to go. After the Chinese revolution and the Korean war it would be time to fetter freedom, but before then the militarists were forced to resign from newsrooms and universities. Women won national elections and labor unions organized strikes.

    Propaganda
    International opinion grew in Allied and Asian countries to stage a war crimes trial of the emperor. The decision not to hold Hirohito accountable made it difficult for others to feel responsible, and his retention complicated ideas of popular sovereignty. Wartime analysts had determined he would be useful later and propagandists created fictions he had been tricked and betrayed by gangster militarists. In order to save lives and maintain their control Allies planned to depend on blind obedience to the emperor. Royalist cronies argued all of Japan bore guilt for the defeat with the exception of Hirohito.

    Trials
    The Allies and the Imperial House collaborated on a rescript, renouncing divinity of the emperor and racial superiority, as Shinto religion was separated from the state. Hirohito was hailed in the US, a hero and leader of democratic reform, seen as a bulwark against communism. Both the court and cabinet discussed his abdication, but MacArthur would have none of it. Princes who had been politicians and generals in the war were absolved, including those involved in atrocities. Trials were held through 1948 for crimes against peace and humanity. The emperor resolved to remain on the throne.

    Democracy
    After months of proposals from the government and political parties for a revised constitution MacArthur issued a memo outlining three principles and ordered the army to write up it in a week. His tenets were to preserve the emperor, proscribe the military and end feudalism. With Hirohito's endorsement it was adopted into law although conservatives were aghast. He toured each prefect and endeared himself to the nation. Prior to surrender he never spoke in public and was rarely seen. Preservation of the emperor, no longer a sovereign, made the constitution acceptable to both polity and people.

    Guilt
    With values of freedom came a strict censorship. Criticism of MacArthur and the Americans was excised from newspapers radio and theater. As Tokyo trials proceeded highly ranked officials were imprisoned or executed, eventually thousands across Asia and the Pacific. Charges of judicial idealism and victor's justice contributed to a later neo-nationalism. Many imagined drumhead court martials and firing squads rather than lengthy legal battles. Allies were enraged over abuse of prisoners, the most common conviction. In Manchuria lethal medical experiments had killed three thousand captives. The director was co-opted by the CIA and his research resumed.

    Reconstruction
    In the cold war charges against high profile capitalists and bureaucrats were dropped. Communists now a concern, occupation forces aligned with the right wing. Politicians who were purged returned to public office. The radical left became censored and removed from their positions of power. European victors attempted to re-establish rule in SE Asia, nuclear arms races ensued while war erupted again in Korea. MacArthur bowed out as Americans re-armed their former enemy. Japan's disasterous downfall would be rivaled by a miraculous recovery as Hirohito visited presidents and kings.

    This book was meticulously researched by Dower, a Harvard Ph.D in Japanese history and language. Since then he was a professor in California State and an emeritus historian at MIT. It is not weighed down by ponderous academic style. Dower enlivens the text with photos and stories from the news and popular culture of the period, balanced by the political and economic facts. Arranged by topic, individual sections follow a timeline. Dower may be better read after 'Hirohito' by Herbert Bix, his fellow alumni and Pulitzer winner, a biography and political history of WWII Japan.
    11 people found this helpful
    Report

Top reviews from other countries

Translate all reviews to English
  • Jorge
    5.0 out of 5 stars ELOGIO
    Reviewed in Brazil on August 4, 2020
    Os livros é excelente! Elogio o cumprimento do cronograma de entrega, e o estado em que o produto foi recebido, impecável. Parabéns
    Report
  • SJ
    5.0 out of 5 stars Masterpiece
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on January 20, 2013
    As a resident of Japan over the past 12 years, I have been meaning to read this book for a long time and I am delighted I finally got around to it. Over the years there have been many aspects of Japanese ideas and opinions on this most sensitive of subjects which I didn`t understand. Many of these issues remain current to this day.

    All of my questions and many more are comprehensively answered by Mr Dower`s painstaking and thoroughly researched work. I knew the US influence on post-war Japan was strong, but quite how strong, pervasive and longlasting (for good and ill) is staggering. Mr Dower has written a gripping and human account of a tumultous period of history.
  • JO
    5.0 out of 5 stars 真実に肉薄
    Reviewed in Japan on May 29, 2022
    1945年の終戦から1951年のサンフランシスコ平和条約締結までの出来事を中心として記述されている。東京裁判などとかく意見の分かれるテーマについても深堀りされており、なかなか読み応えがあった。特定の主義主張を堅持しているような方々が読むと機嫌を損ねそうな箇所もあるが、純粋に戦後の復興期について知りたい方々にとってはすばらしい書籍である。

    著者はアメリカの歴史学者なのだが、とくに偏っているという印象はなかった。全章を通じて偏頗なく正確に書かれており、ピューリッツァー賞を受賞したのも頷ける質の高さである。終戦期のことは閣僚の靖国神社参拝などでいまだに折に触れ話題になるが、ナショナリティーを問わずこういった本をより多くの人に読んでもらいたい。断片的な情報に基づいて議論するのは不毛なのがわかるはずだ。

    これまで散々に語り尽くされたテーマではあるのだが、かなり粒度が高いため始めて知る内容も多かったように思う。とくに憲法制定に関わる部分の描写は興味深かった。当時米軍に占領されていたわけだから、その強い影響下で行われたことは紛れもない事実なのだが、海の向こうで決められたものが一方的に押し付けられたというわけではない。民主的なプロセスであったとは言い難いが、活発な議論と駆け引きの結果として生まれたものであるのは確かなようだ。

    最近は憲法改正なども話題になっているが、歴史認識に絡む諸問題は戦後70年以上経ってもまだ続いている。選挙結果を左右し、外交関係を揺るがせているのを見ていると、問題の根深さを感じざるを得ない。一朝一夕に解決するようなものではないし、むしろこの先ずっとついて回るのかもしれないが、せっかくならちゃんと理解したうえで話をしたいものである。読んで損はしない。
  • Amazon Customer
    5.0 out of 5 stars Outstanding
    Reviewed in Canada on January 24, 2020
    Excellent book! It details very carefully the period immediately after the Japanese surrender.
  • Amazon Kunde
    5.0 out of 5 stars Japanese History
    Reviewed in Germany on May 6, 2024
    Very detailed book about the time of American occupation of Japan after WW2. Difficult English, but worth it- you will learn a lot about the Japanese mind of the time (and maybe today) and gives a good overview of the historic characters and happenings.